Farmers that once used their agricultural lifestyle as a means of providing for their families began to sell their products for profit. In order to be able to fund an expanding military, Madison kept the economy as a wartime economy, which then included taxes and tariffs. President Madison wanted to make sure that American security was safe, so he increased the force of the navy in case of an invasion. Also, President Madison planned a new navy for our country. President James Madison increased the American army because it was something viewed as a weakness during the War of 1812. The Democratic-Republicans demanded a change. As for the economy of America after the War of 1812, it had suff ered greatly and had been severely drained. There was a major surge of western settlement, as well as many political innovations of state and federal constitutions. The period between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 was a time of enormous change for America. These three factors played a key role in the War of 1812. The republics expansion to the west, the military conflict with the Indian nations, and the military conflict with Great Britain, all presented basic challenges to the new republic. Essex was faster than Cherub while Phoebe on the other hand could sail up to 13 knots as she was built to a lengthened design for the very purpose of increasing speed.The United States made dramatic changes during the period of Democratic-Republican (Jeffersonian Republican) leadership in the early years of the 19th century. Nonetheless, Porter missed his opportunity to escape to sea while Phoebe was in port. Seeing Essex was ready for battle, Hillyar hauled off while Porter held his fire, thus avoiding a diplomatic incident. Essex, however, had rigged kedge anchors at the ends of its yards to grapple Phoebe and engage. Hillyar sailed into the harbor at Valparaíso in Phoebe close to Essex, trying to incite Porter to fire first and violate the Chilean neutrality. British merchant George O'Brien in the Emily sailed out of Valparaíso with intelligence about Essex for Hillyar. Porter knew that British diplomatic support was more useful to the Chileans than American support, and thus he understood that Essex could not stay long in Valparaíso. In January 1814, Essex sailed into neutral waters at Valparaíso, only to be trapped there for six weeks by the arrival of HMS Phoebe and the sloop-of-war HMS Cherub on 3 February.
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